GlyCosmos Portal

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GlyCosmos Glycans

The list of validated glycans extracted from GlyTouCan, updated weekly.

Source	Last Updated
GlyTouCan	August 18, 2024

Displaying entries **1726 - 1750** of **2254** in total

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GlyTouCan ID	IUPAC Condensed	Motifs	Subsumption Level ▼	Monoisotopic Mass	Organisms
G58848QS		N-Glycan complex N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	2733.97	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G59311AO	Man(a1-2)Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc	N-Glycan high mannose	Linkage defined saccharide	1396.49	50 kb inversion clade Abreae Abrus precatorius Abrus Acalypheae Acalyphoideae Acremonium Amniota Amphiesmenoptera Amphipyrinae Anthemideae Artemisia vulgaris Artemisia Artemisiinae Arthropoda Artiodactyla Ascomycota Aspergillaceae Aspergillus niger Aspergillus subgen. Circumdati Aspergillus Asteraceae Asterales Asteroideae BOP clade Batoidea Bilateria Blastocrithidia Bombycidae Bombycinae Bombycoidea Bombyx mori Bombyx Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Canidae Caniformia Canis lupus familiaris Canis lupus Canis Carnivora Catarrhini Chondrichthyes Chordata Craniata Cricetidae Cricetinae Cricetulus griseus Cricetulus Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dikarya Dipnotetrapodomorpha Discoba Ditrysia Ecdysozoa Elasmobranchii Embryophyta Endopterygota Euarchontoglires Euglenozoa Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euphorbiaceae Euphyllophyta Eurotiales Eurotiomycetes Eurotiomycetidae Euteleostomi Eutheria Fabaceae Fabales Fungi Glires Glossata Gnathostomata Gunneridae Hadeninae Haplorrhini Herpetomonas samuelpessoai Herpetomonas Heteroneura Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Hypocreales incertae sedis Hypocreales Hypocreomycetidae Insecta Kinetoplastea Laurasiatheria Leishmania adleri Leishmania mexicana species complex Leishmania mexicana Leishmania Leishmania Leishmaniinae Lepidoptera Leptomonas samueli Leptomonas Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Malpighiales Mamestra brassicae Mamestra Mammalia Mandibulata Mesangiospermae Metakinetoplastina Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha NPAAA clade Neolepidoptera Neoptera Noctuidae Noctuoidea Obtectomera Opisthokonta Oryza sativa Oryza Oryzeae Oryzinae Oryzoideae Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Papilionoideae Pecora Pentapetalae Petrosaviidae Pezizomycotina Phaseoleae Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus Poaceae Poales Primates Protostomia Pterygota Ricinus communis Ricinus Rodentia Ruminantia Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces Saccharomycetaceae Saccharomycetales Saccharomycetes Saccharomycotina Sarcopterygii Schizotrypanum Simiiformes Sordariomycetes Spermatophyta Spodoptera frugiperda Spodoptera Streptophyta Streptophytina Strigomonadinae Strigomonas culicis Strigomonas Suidae Suina Sus scrofa Sus Teleostomi Tetrapoda Tetronarce californica Tetronarce Theria Torpedinidae Torpediniformes Tracheophyta Trypanosoma conorhini Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosoma dionisii Trypanosoma with unspecified subgenus Trypanosoma Trypanosomatida Trypanosomatidae Vertebrata Viridiplantae asterids campanulids cellular organisms commelinids eudicotyledons fabids indigoferoid/millettioid clade leotiomyceta lizard Leishmania rosids saccharomyceta sordariomyceta
G59594LT	Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc		Linkage defined saccharide	383.14	Amniota Artiodactyla Bacteria Bilateria Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Campylobacterales Campylobacterota Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Enterobacterales Epsilonproteobacteria Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Gammaproteobacteria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter Helicobacteraceae Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Laurasiatheria Mammalia Metazoa Morganellaceae Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Pecora Primates Proteus penneri Proteus Pseudomonadota Rodentia Ruminantia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G59532XE	Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc	N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	1558.54	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G60230OQ	Neu5Ac(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Neu5Ac(a2-3)Gal(b1-3)[Neu5Ac(a2-6)]?-GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[Neu5Ac(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc-ol	Polysialic acid	Linkage defined saccharide	3172.12	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G60149QJ	Man(a1-3)[GlcNAc(b1-2)[GlcNAc(b1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc	N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	1316.49	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G61706MD	Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc	N-Glycan complex N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	1640.59	Amniota Archelosauria Archosauria Artiodactyla Aves Bilateria Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Canidae Caniformia Canis lupus familiaris Canis lupus Canis Carnivora Catarrhini Cavia porcellus Cavia Caviidae Chordata Coelurosauria Craniata Cricetidae Cricetinae Cricetulus griseus Cricetulus Deuterostomia Dinosauria Dipnotetrapodomorpha Discoba Euarchontoglires Euglenozoa Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Felidae Feliformia Felinae Felis catus Felis Galliformes Galloanserae Gallus gallus Gallus Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Haploviricotina Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Hystricomorpha Kinetoplastea Laurasiatheria Mammalia Metakinetoplastina Metazoa Monjiviricetes Mononegavirales Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Nannomonas Negarnaviricota Neognathae Opisthokonta Orthoparamyxovirinae Orthornavirae Paramyxoviridae Pecora Phasianidae Phasianinae Primates Respirovirus muris Respirovirus Riboviria Rodentia Ruminantia Sarcopterygii Sauria Saurischia Sauropsida Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Theropoda Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma Trypanosomatida Trypanosomatidae Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms
G61714PI	Neu5Ac(a2-?)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(b1-	N-Glycan hybrid Polysialic acid	Linkage defined saccharide	2036.72	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G61837KK	Neu(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)Glc		Linkage defined saccharide	591.2	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G62837IG		Lewis x Lex N-Glycan core basic SSEA-1	Linkage defined saccharide	2338.87	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G63043YQ		N-Glycan complex Sialyl Lewis x Slex	Linkage defined saccharide	3471.19	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G63046OH		Lewis x Lex N-Glycan core basic SSEA-1	Linkage defined saccharide	2866.05	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G63648XO	Neu5Ac(a2-3/6)[Neu5Ac(a2-3/6)Gal(b1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Neu5Ac(a2-3/6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(b1-	N-Glycan complex Polysialic acid	Linkage defined saccharide	2659.94	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G63939TP	Neu5Ac(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-?)]GlcNAc(b1-2)[GlcNAc(b1-4/6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(b1-	Lewis x Lex N-Glycan complex Polysialic acid SSEA-1	Linkage defined saccharide	2426.88	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G64139XJ		N-Glycan complex N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	1827.68	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G64252WT	GalNAc(a1-3)[Fuc(a1-2)]Gal(b1-3/4)GlcNAc(b1-3)[Neu5Ac(a2-6)]Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)[Neu5Ac(a2-6)]GalNAc-ol	Blood group A (type 1) Blood group A (type 2) Blood group H (type 1) Blood group H (type 2) I' antigen Type 2 LN2	Linkage defined saccharide	1884.7	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G64799ZA	Gal(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Gal(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3/6)[Gal(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Gal(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Man(a1-3/6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc-ol	N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	3167.14	Amniota Artiodactyla Bilateria Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Laurasiatheria Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Pecora Rattus Rodentia Ruminantia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G64979EW	Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-6)][Xyl(b1-2)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc	N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	1042.37	50 kb inversion clade Acalypheae Acalyphoideae Amniota BOP clade Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitales Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Embryophyta Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euphorbiaceae Euphyllophyta Eupulmonata Euteleostomi Eutheria Euthyneura Fabaceae Fabales Gastropoda Glires Gnathostomata Gunneridae Helicidae Helicina Helicoidea Helix pomatia Helix Heterobranchia Hygrophila Liliopsida Lophotrochozoa Lymnaea stagnalis Lymnaea Lymnaeidae Lymnaeoidea Magnoliopsida Malpighiales Mammalia Mesangiospermae Metazoa Mollusca Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha NPAAA clade Nicotiana alata Nicotiana Nicotianeae Nicotianoideae Opisthokonta Oryza sativa Oryza Oryzeae Oryzinae Oryzoideae Panpulmonata Papilionoideae Pentapetalae Petrosaviidae Phaseoleae Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus Poaceae Poales Protostomia Ricinus communis Ricinus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Solanaceae Solanales Spermatophyta Spiralia Streptophyta Streptophytina Stylommatophora Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Tracheophyta Vertebrata Viridiplantae asterids cellular organisms commelinids eudicotyledons fabids indigoferoid/millettioid clade lamiids rosids
G65518IK	Man(a1-2)Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-2)Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc	N-Glycan high mannose	Linkage defined saccharide	1558.54	Acalypheae Acalyphoideae Amniota Artiodactyla Bilateria Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Carnivora Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Embryophyta Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euphorbiaceae Euphyllophyta Euteleostomi Eutheria Felidae Feliformia Felinae Felis catus Felis Glires Gnathostomata Gunneridae Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Laurasiatheria Magnoliopsida Malpighiales Mammalia Mesangiospermae Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Pecora Pentapetalae Primates Ricinus communis Ricinus Rodentia Ruminantia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Suidae Suina Sus scrofa Sus Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Tracheophyta Vertebrata Viridiplantae cellular organisms eudicotyledons fabids rosids
G65550TC		Lewis x Lex N-Glycan core basic SSEA-1	Linkage defined saccharide	1973.73	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G65761WK	Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Neu5Ac(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc	N-Glycan complex N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	2077.75	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Cavia porcellus Cavia Caviidae Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Hystricomorpha Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G65937EW	Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc	N-Glycan core basic N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	1421.52	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Haploviricotina Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Monjiviricetes Mononegavirales Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Negarnaviricota Opisthokonta Orthoparamyxovirinae Orthornavirae Paramyxoviridae Primates Respirovirus muris Respirovirus Riboviria Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms
G65954YN	Neu5Ac(a2-3/6)Gal(?1-		Linkage defined saccharide	471.16	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G66213AR	Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc		Linkage defined saccharide	383.14	Acomys russatus Acomys Amniota Artiodactyla Bacteria Bilateria Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Campylobacterales Campylobacterota Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deomyinae Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Epsilonproteobacteria Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter Helicobacteraceae Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Laurasiatheria Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Pecora Primates Rattus Rodentia Ruminantia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Suidae Suina Sus scrofa Sus Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G66341WM	GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2/4)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2/4)]Man(a1-3)[GlcNAc(b1-4)][Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc-ol	N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	2559.96	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms