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Guidelines

MIRAGE

glutamate-ammonia ligase

Summary

Gene Symbol

GLUL

Organism

Bos taurus (domestic cattle)

External Links

NCBI Gene: 281199
KEGG Gene ID: bta:281199
PubChem: 281199

Annotation

Keyword

3D-structure
ATP-binding
Acetylation
Angiogenesis
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ligase
Magnesium
Manganese
Metal-binding
Microsome
Mitochondrion
Palmitate
Phosphoprotein
Reference proteome
Transferase
Ubl conjugation

Proteins

Displaying 1 entry
UniProt	Protein Name
P15103	Glutamate--ammonia ligase Palmitoyltransferase GLUL

Annotation information from UniProt.

Gene Ontology (GO)

Displaying 1 entry
GO Term	Evidence Code	PMID
glutamine biosynthetic process	IEA	22301074 30032202

GO Hierarchy

biological process

metabolic process [inference]

nitrogen compound metabolic process [inference]

organonitrogen compound metabolic process [inference]

amino acid metabolic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

alpha-amino acid metabolic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid metabolic process [inference]

glutamine metabolic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

biosynthetic process [inference]

cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

organic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

carboxylic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

small molecule biosynthetic process [inference]

organic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

carboxylic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

organic substance biosynthetic process [inference]

organic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

carboxylic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

cellular metabolic process [inference]

organic acid metabolic process [inference]

organic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

carboxylic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

oxoacid metabolic process [inference]

carboxylic acid metabolic process [inference]

amino acid metabolic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

alpha-amino acid metabolic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid metabolic process [inference]

glutamine metabolic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

carboxylic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

organic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

carboxylic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

primary metabolic process [inference]

amino acid metabolic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

alpha-amino acid metabolic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid metabolic process [inference]

glutamine metabolic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

small molecule metabolic process [inference]

organic acid metabolic process [inference]

organic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

carboxylic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

oxoacid metabolic process [inference]

carboxylic acid metabolic process [inference]

amino acid metabolic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

alpha-amino acid metabolic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid metabolic process [inference]

glutamine metabolic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

carboxylic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

small molecule biosynthetic process [inference]

organic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

carboxylic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

organic substance metabolic process [inference]

organic acid metabolic process [inference]

organic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

carboxylic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

oxoacid metabolic process [inference]

carboxylic acid metabolic process [inference]

amino acid metabolic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

alpha-amino acid metabolic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid metabolic process [inference]

glutamine metabolic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

carboxylic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

organonitrogen compound metabolic process [inference]

amino acid metabolic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

alpha-amino acid metabolic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid metabolic process [inference]

glutamine metabolic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

organic substance biosynthetic process [inference]

organic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

carboxylic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

cellular process [inference]

cellular metabolic process [inference]

organic acid metabolic process [inference]

organic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

carboxylic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

oxoacid metabolic process [inference]

carboxylic acid metabolic process [inference]

amino acid metabolic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

alpha-amino acid metabolic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid metabolic process [inference]

glutamine metabolic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

carboxylic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

organic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

carboxylic acid biosynthetic process [inference]

amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process [inference]

glutamine biosynthetic process

Displaying 1 entry
GO Term	Evidence Code	PMID
cytoplasm	IEA	30032202

GO Hierarchy

cellular component

cellular anatomical entity [inference]

cytoplasm

Displaying 1 entry
GO Term	Evidence Code	PMID
glutamine synthetase activity	IEA	22301074 30032202

GO Hierarchy

molecular function

catalytic activity [inference]

ligase activity [inference]

ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds [inference]

acid-ammonia (or amide) ligase activity [inference]

ammonia ligase activity [inference]

glutamine synthetase activity

Gene Ontology information from NCBI Gene and UniProt.

OrthoDB (Group)

Group level

Eukaryota

Group Name

Glutamine synthetase

Functional Category

E: Amino acid transport and metabolism
H: Coenzyme transport and metabolism
T: Signal transduction mechanisms

Displaying **all 6** entries
Gene Ontology
ATP binding
catalytic activity
glutamine biosynthetic process
glutamine synthetase activity
ligase activity
nucleotide binding

Displaying **all 6** entries
InterPro
Glutamine synthetase, N-terminal conserved site
Glutamine synthetase, N-terminal domain superfamily
Glutamine synthetase, N-terminal domain
Glutamine synthetase, catalytic domain
Glutamine synthetase, glycine-rich site
Glutamine synthetase/guanido kinase, catalytic domain

KEGG BRITE Database

Orthology

K01915

Name

glutamine synthetase [EC:6.3.1.2]

References

Rhea

NH₄⁺ + L-glutamate + ATP

H⁺ + phosphate + ADP + L-glutamine

Enzyme

6.3.1.2

PMID

hexadecanoyl-CoA

CoA

Enzyme

2.3.1.225

PMID

Ortholog

Displaying entries **11 - 20** of **103** in total

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Species	Gene ID	Alliance of Genome Resources	Orthologous MAtrix
Equus caballus	100054716		HORSE34980
Ornithorhynchus anatinus	100081935		ORNAN08299
Salmo salar	100196183		SALSA110546
Taeniopygia guttata	100229445		TAEGU29554
Pongo abelii	100452390		PONAB17099
Ailuropoda melanoleuca	100466733		AILME12620
Nomascus leucogenys	100602624		NOMLE37139
Loxodonta africana	100673871		LOXAF13691
Oreochromis niloticus	100700186		ORENI43243
Cavia porcellus	100715062		CAVPO07053

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Supported by JST NBDC Grant Number JPMJND2204

Partly supported by NIH Common Fund Grant #1U01GM125267-01

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Last updated: December 8, 2025