GlyCosmos Portal

Submissions

CD46 molecule

Summary

Gene Symbol

CD46

Organism

Homo sapiens (human)

External Links

NCBI Gene

4179

PubChem

4179

Alliance of Genome Resources

HGNC:6953

Annotation

Keyword

3D-structure
Alternative splicing
Complement pathway
Cytoplasmic vesicle
Direct protein sequencing
Disease variant
Disulfide bond
Fertilization
Glycoprotein
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Host cell receptor for virus entry
Host-virus interaction
Phosphoprotein
Reference proteome
Repeat
Signal
Sushi
Transmembrane helix

Proteins

Displaying 1 entry
UniProt	Protein Name
P15529	TLX Trophoblast leukocyte common antigen

Annotation information from UniProt.

Gene Ontology (GO)

Displaying entries **1 - 5** of 17 in total

1

2

3

4

Next ›

Last »
GO Term	Evidence Code	PMID
adaptive immune response	IC	12540904
T cell mediated immunity	IMP	23086448
T cell mediated immunity	IBA
complement activation, classical pathway	IEA
single fertilization	IEA

GO Hierarchy

biological process

immune system process [inference]

immune effector process [inference]

leukocyte mediated immunity [inference]

lymphocyte mediated immunity [inference]

T cell mediated immunity

complement activation [inference]

complement activation, classical pathway

activation of immune response [inference]

complement activation [inference]

complement activation, classical pathway

immune response [inference]

adaptive immune response

adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains [inference]

T cell mediated immunity

humoral immune response [inference]

complement activation [inference]

complement activation, classical pathway

innate immune response

reproductive process [inference]

fertilization [inference]

single fertilization

biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms [inference]

biological process involved in symbiotic interaction [inference]

biological process involved in interaction with host [inference]

movement in host [inference]

entry into host [inference]

viral entry into host cell

response to other organism [inference]

defense response to other organism [inference]

innate immune response

response to stimulus [inference]

response to stress [inference]

defense response [inference]

defense response to other organism [inference]

innate immune response

immune response [inference]

adaptive immune response

adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains [inference]

T cell mediated immunity

humoral immune response [inference]

complement activation [inference]

complement activation, classical pathway

innate immune response

response to external stimulus [inference]

response to external biotic stimulus [inference]

response to other organism [inference]

defense response to other organism [inference]

innate immune response

response to biotic stimulus [inference]

response to external biotic stimulus [inference]

response to other organism [inference]

defense response to other organism [inference]

innate immune response

biological regulation [inference]

regulation of biological process [inference]

regulation of immune system process [inference]

negative regulation of immune system process [inference]

negative regulation of immune effector process [inference]

negative regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of complement activation [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of immune response [inference]

negative regulation of adaptive immune response [inference]

negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains [inference]

negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of humoral immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of complement activation [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

positive regulation of immune system process [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of immune effector process [inference]

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of immune response [inference]

activation of immune response [inference]

complement activation [inference]

complement activation, classical pathway

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of leukocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of lymphocyte activation [inference]

regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of memory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

regulation of T cell proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

regulation of T cell activation [inference]

regulation of T cell proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of memory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of immune effector process [inference]

negative regulation of immune effector process [inference]

negative regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of complement activation [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

positive regulation of immune effector process [inference]

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of complement activation, classical pathway [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of complement activation [inference]

regulation of complement activation, classical pathway [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of complement activation [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of memory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

regulation of immune response [inference]

regulation of adaptive immune response [inference]

negative regulation of adaptive immune response [inference]

negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains [inference]

negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains [inference]

regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of complement activation, classical pathway [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains [inference]

negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of humoral immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of complement activation [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of complement activation, classical pathway [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of complement activation [inference]

regulation of complement activation, classical pathway [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of complement activation [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of memory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

negative regulation of immune response [inference]

negative regulation of adaptive immune response [inference]

negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains [inference]

negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of humoral immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of complement activation [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

positive regulation of immune response [inference]

activation of immune response [inference]

complement activation [inference]

complement activation, classical pathway

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of memory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of metabolic process [inference]

regulation of biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

regulation of gene expression [inference]

regulation of cytokine production [inference]

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

regulation of interleukin-10 production [inference]

positive regulation of interleukin-10 production

regulation of transforming growth factor beta production [inference]

positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

negative regulation of metabolic process [inference]

negative regulation of biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

negative regulation of cellular metabolic process [inference]

negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of metabolic process [inference]

positive regulation of biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process [inference]

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

positive regulation of cellular metabolic process [inference]

positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

regulation of cellular metabolic process [inference]

negative regulation of cellular metabolic process [inference]

negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cellular metabolic process [inference]

positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

regulation of gene expression [inference]

regulation of cytokine production [inference]

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

regulation of interleukin-10 production [inference]

positive regulation of interleukin-10 production

regulation of transforming growth factor beta production [inference]

positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

regulation of macromolecule metabolic process [inference]

regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

regulation of gene expression [inference]

regulation of cytokine production [inference]

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

regulation of interleukin-10 production [inference]

positive regulation of interleukin-10 production

regulation of transforming growth factor beta production [inference]

positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process [inference]

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

regulation of signaling [inference]

regulation of signal transduction [inference]

regulation of Notch signaling pathway

negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor

extracellular regulation of signal transduction [inference]

extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor

negative regulation of signaling [inference]

negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor

positive regulation of biological process [inference]

positive regulation of immune system process [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of immune effector process [inference]

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of immune response [inference]

activation of immune response [inference]

complement activation [inference]

complement activation, classical pathway

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of metabolic process [inference]

positive regulation of biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process [inference]

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

positive regulation of cellular metabolic process [inference]

positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

positive regulation of cellular process [inference]

positive regulation of cell population proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of cellular metabolic process [inference]

positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

positive regulation of cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of cell development [inference]

positive regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of cell adhesion [inference]

positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion [inference]

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of response to stimulus [inference]

positive regulation of immune response [inference]

activation of immune response [inference]

complement activation [inference]

complement activation, classical pathway

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of developmental process [inference]

positive regulation of cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of cell development [inference]

positive regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of multicellular organismal process [inference]

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

positive regulation of cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

negative regulation of biological process [inference]

negative regulation of immune system process [inference]

negative regulation of immune effector process [inference]

negative regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of complement activation [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of immune response [inference]

negative regulation of adaptive immune response [inference]

negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains [inference]

negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of humoral immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of complement activation [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of metabolic process [inference]

negative regulation of biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

negative regulation of cellular metabolic process [inference]

negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

negative regulation of signaling [inference]

negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor

negative regulation of cellular process [inference]

negative regulation of cell communication [inference]

negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor

negative regulation of cellular metabolic process [inference]

negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

negative regulation of response to stimulus [inference]

negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor

negative regulation of immune response [inference]

negative regulation of adaptive immune response [inference]

negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains [inference]

negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of humoral immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of complement activation [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of response to stimulus [inference]

regulation of signal transduction [inference]

regulation of Notch signaling pathway

negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor

extracellular regulation of signal transduction [inference]

extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor

positive regulation of response to stimulus [inference]

positive regulation of immune response [inference]

activation of immune response [inference]

complement activation [inference]

complement activation, classical pathway

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

negative regulation of response to stimulus [inference]

negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor

negative regulation of immune response [inference]

negative regulation of adaptive immune response [inference]

negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains [inference]

negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of humoral immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of complement activation [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of immune response [inference]

regulation of adaptive immune response [inference]

negative regulation of adaptive immune response [inference]

negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains [inference]

negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains [inference]

regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of complement activation, classical pathway [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains [inference]

negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of humoral immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of complement activation [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of complement activation, classical pathway [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of complement activation [inference]

regulation of complement activation, classical pathway [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of complement activation [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

regulation of memory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

negative regulation of immune response [inference]

negative regulation of adaptive immune response [inference]

negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains [inference]

negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity [inference]

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of humoral immune response [inference]

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of complement activation [inference]

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

positive regulation of immune response [inference]

activation of immune response [inference]

complement activation [inference]

complement activation, classical pathway

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

regulation of developmental process [inference]

regulation of cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of cell development [inference]

positive regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of cell development [inference]

positive regulation of cell development [inference]

positive regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of memory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of developmental process [inference]

positive regulation of cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of cell development [inference]

positive regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of multicellular organismal development [inference]

regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of memory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of cellular process [inference]

regulation of cell communication [inference]

regulation of signal transduction [inference]

regulation of Notch signaling pathway

negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor

extracellular regulation of signal transduction [inference]

extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor

negative regulation of cell communication [inference]

negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor

regulation of cell adhesion [inference]

regulation of cell-cell adhesion [inference]

positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion [inference]

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion [inference]

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of cell adhesion [inference]

positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion [inference]

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of cellular metabolic process [inference]

negative regulation of cellular metabolic process [inference]

negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cellular metabolic process [inference]

positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

regulation of gene expression [inference]

regulation of cytokine production [inference]

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

regulation of interleukin-10 production [inference]

positive regulation of interleukin-10 production

regulation of transforming growth factor beta production [inference]

positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

regulation of cell population proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of cell population proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

regulation of leukocyte proliferation [inference]

regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

regulation of T cell proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of leukocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

regulation of cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of cell development [inference]

positive regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of cell development [inference]

positive regulation of cell development [inference]

positive regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of memory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of cellular process [inference]

positive regulation of cell population proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of cellular metabolic process [inference]

positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

positive regulation of gene expression

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

positive regulation of cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of cell development [inference]

positive regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of cell adhesion [inference]

positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion [inference]

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

negative regulation of cellular process [inference]

negative regulation of cell communication [inference]

negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction [inference]

sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor

negative regulation of cellular metabolic process [inference]

negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process [inference]

negative regulation of gene expression

regulation of cell activation [inference]

regulation of leukocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of lymphocyte activation [inference]

regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of memory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

regulation of T cell proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

regulation of T cell activation [inference]

regulation of T cell proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of memory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of multicellular organismal process [inference]

regulation of cytokine production [inference]

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

regulation of interleukin-10 production [inference]

positive regulation of interleukin-10 production

regulation of transforming growth factor beta production [inference]

positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production

regulation of cell activation [inference]

regulation of leukocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of lymphocyte activation [inference]

regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of memory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

regulation of T cell proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

regulation of T cell activation [inference]

regulation of T cell proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of memory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of multicellular organismal process [inference]

positive regulation of cytokine production [inference]

positive regulation of cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte activation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell activation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of multicellular organismal development [inference]

regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of memory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of hemopoiesis [inference]

positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation [inference]

positive regulation of T cell differentiation [inference]

Displaying entries **1 - 5** of 8 in total

1

2

Next ›

Last »
GO Term	Evidence Code	PMID
inner acrosomal membrane	IEA
extracellular space	IBA
plasma membrane	TAS
plasma membrane	IDA	20534589
plasma membrane	IBA

GO Hierarchy

cellular component

cellular anatomical entity [inference]

membrane [inference]

plasma membrane

organelle membrane [inference]

vesicle membrane [inference]

cytoplasmic vesicle membrane [inference]

inner acrosomal membrane

cell junction [inference]

anchoring junction [inference]

cell-substrate junction [inference]

focal adhesion

organelle [inference]

membrane-bounded organelle [inference]

vesicle [inference]

extracellular vesicle [inference]

extracellular exosome

extracellular membrane-bounded organelle [inference]

extracellular vesicle [inference]

extracellular exosome

extracellular organelle [inference]

extracellular membrane-bounded organelle [inference]

extracellular vesicle [inference]

extracellular exosome

Displaying **all 4** entries
GO Term	Evidence Code	PMID
virus receptor activity	IEA
protein binding	IPI	18796626 23086448 32296183
signaling receptor activity	TAS	8402913
cadherin binding	IPI	23086448

GO Hierarchy

molecular function

binding [inference]

protein binding

cell adhesion molecule binding [inference]

cadherin binding

exogenous protein binding [inference]

virus receptor activity

molecular transducer activity [inference]

signaling receptor activity

Gene Ontology information from NCBI Gene and UniProt.

OrthoDB (Group)

Group level

Eukaryota

Group Name

membrane cofactor protein

Functional Category

E: Amino acid transport and metabolism
P: Inorganic ion transport and metabolism
T: Signal transduction mechanisms

Displaying **all 2** entries
InterPro
Sushi/SCR/CCP domain
Sushi/SCR/CCP superfamily

Disease

Disease Ontology

Displaying **all 6** entries
DO ID	Disease Name	Source
DOID:0080176	meningococcal meningitis	Alliance of Genome Resources
DOID:0080301	atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome	Alliance of Genome Resources
DOID:10591	pre-eclampsia	Alliance of Genome Resources
DOID:12554	hemolytic-uremic syndrome	Alliance of Genome Resources
DOID:2377	multiple sclerosis	Alliance of Genome Resources
DOID:2773	contact dermatitis	Alliance of Genome Resources

Ortholog

Displaying entries **1 - 10** of 28 in total

1

2

3

Next ›

Last »
Species	Gene ID	Alliance of Genome Resources	Orthologous MAtrix
Drosophila melanogaster	350	FB:FBgn0030617
Danio rerio	4179	ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-041111-283
Drosophila melanogaster	6402	FB:FBgn0030617
Drosophila melanogaster	11818	FB:FBgn0030617
Drosophila melanogaster	12946	FB:FBgn0030617
Danio rerio	13136	ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-041111-283
Mus musculus	17221	ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-041111-283	MOUSE29292
Drosophila melanogaster	20343	FB:FBgn0030617
Drosophila melanogaster	29259	FB:FBgn0030617
Rattus norvegicus	29333	ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-041111-283	RATNO07014

GlyTouCan

GlyComb

GlycoPOST

UniCarb-DR

LM-GlycoRepo

All Resources

Other Information

Tools

Search Tools

Guidelines

Summary

External Links

Annotation

OrthoDB (Group)

International Collaboration

Acknowledgements