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GlyCosmos Glycans

The list of validated glycans extracted from GlyTouCan, updated weekly.

Source	Last Updated
GlyTouCan	August 18, 2024

Displaying entries **1 - 25** of 30 in total

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GlyTouCan ID ▼	IUPAC Condensed	Motifs	Subsumption Level	Monoisotopic Mass	Organisms
G99648VD	GlcA(a1-2)Xyl(b1-4)Xyl		Linkage defined saccharide	458.13	Andropogoneae Andropogonodae Embryophyta Eukaryota Euphyllophyta Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae PACMAD clade Panicoideae Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Tripsacinae Viridiplantae Zea mays subsp. mays Zea mays Zea cellular organisms commelinids
G98006LH	Araf(a1-				Andropogoneae Andropogonodae Asterias forbesi Asterias Asteriidae Asteroidea Asterozoa Bilateria Deuterostomia Echinodermata Eleutherozoa Embryophyta Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euphyllophyta Forcipulatacea Forcipulatida Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae Metazoa Opisthokonta PACMAD clade Panicoideae Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Tripsacinae Viridiplantae Zea mays Zea cellular organisms commelinids
G94326YC	Araf(a1-3)Xyl(b1-4)Xyl(?1-		Linkage defined saccharide	414.14	Andropogoneae Andropogonodae Arundinarieae Arundinariinae Arundinarodae Ascomycota Aspergillaceae Aspergillus niger Aspergillus subgen. Circumdati Aspergillus BOP clade Bambusoideae Dikarya Embryophyta Eukaryota Euphyllophyta Eurotiales Eurotiomycetes Eurotiomycetidae Fungi Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae Opisthokonta PACMAD clade Panicoideae Petrosaviidae Pezizomycotina Phyllostachys edulis Phyllostachys Poaceae Poales Pooideae Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Tripsacinae Triticeae Triticinae Triticodae Triticum aestivum Triticum Viridiplantae Zea mays subsp. mays Zea mays Zea cellular organisms commelinids leotiomyceta saccharomyceta
G92612ZM	Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	1056.39	Acalypheae Acalyphoideae Aculeata Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ambrosia trifida Ambrosia Amphiesmenoptera Amphipyrinae Amygdaleae Amygdaloideae Anthophila Apidae Apinae Apini Apis mellifera Apis Apocrita Apoidea Arthropoda Asteraceae Asterales Asteroideae Bilateria Chloridoideae Cynodon dactylon Cynodon Cynodonteae Dicondylia Ditrysia Ecdysozoa Eleusininae Embryophyta Endopterygota Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euphorbiaceae Euphyllophyta Glossata Gunneridae Hadeninae Heliantheae alliance Heliantheae Heteroneura Hexapoda Hymenoptera Insecta Lepidoptera Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Malpighiales Mamestra brassicae Mamestra Mandibulata Mesangiospermae Metazoa Neolepidoptera Neoptera Noctuidae Noctuoidea Obtectomera Opisthokonta PACMAD clade Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Pentapetalae Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Protostomia Prunus dulcis Prunus Pterygota Ricinus communis Ricinus Rosaceae Rosales Solanaceae Solanales Solaneae Solanoideae Solanum lycopersicum Solanum subgen. Lycopersicon Solanum Spermatophyta Spodoptera frugiperda Spodoptera Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Viridiplantae asterids campanulids cellular organisms commelinids eudicotyledons fabids lamiids rosids
G85903TN	Araf(a1-3)[Araf(a1-3)[Araf(a1-3)Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl		Linkage defined saccharide	810.26	Andropogoneae Andropogonodae Embryophyta Eukaryota Euphyllophyta Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae PACMAD clade Panicoideae Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Tripsacinae Viridiplantae Zea mays subsp. mays Zea mays Zea cellular organisms commelinids
G82740LG					Amniota Andropogoneae Andropogonodae Autobranchia BOP clade Bilateria Bivalvia Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Embryophyta Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euphyllophyta Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Gunneridae Lagomorpha Leporidae Liliopsida Lophotrochozoa Magnoliopsida Mammalia Mesangiospermae Metazoa Mollusca Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Oryctolagus cuniculus Oryctolagus Oryza sativa Oryza Oryzeae Oryzinae Oryzoideae Ostreida Ostreidae Ostreoidea PACMAD clade Panicoideae Pentapetalae Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Protostomia Pteriomorphia Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Solanaceae Solanales Solaneae Solanoideae Solanum tuberosum Solanum Spermatophyta Spiralia Streptophyta Streptophytina Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Tracheophyta Tripsacinae Vertebrata Viridiplantae Zea mays subsp. mays Zea mays Zea asterids cellular organisms commelinids eudicotyledons lamiids
G82725FS	Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(?1-		Linkage defined saccharide	732.28	Aculeata Androctonus australis Androctonus Anthophila Apidae Apinae Apini Apis mellifera Apis Apocrita Apoidea Arachnida Arthropoda Bilateria Buthida Buthidae Buthoidea Chelicerata Chloridoideae Cynodon dactylon Cynodon Cynodonteae Dicondylia Ecdysozoa Eleusininae Embryophyta Endopterygota Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euphyllophyta Hexapoda Hymenoptera Insecta Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mandibulata Mesangiospermae Metazoa Neoptera Opisthokonta PACMAD clade Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Protostomia Pterygota Scorpiones Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Viridiplantae cellular organisms commelinids
G80498RN	Man(a1-6)Man(a1-6)Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc(?1-		Linkage defined saccharide	910.33	Amniota Artiodactyla Bilateria Boreoeutheria Bovidae Caprinae Chloridoideae Chordata Craniata Cynodon dactylon Cynodon Cynodonteae Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Eleusininae Embryophyta Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euphyllophyta Euteleostomi Eutheria Gnathostomata Laurasiatheria Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mammalia Mesangiospermae Metazoa Opisthokonta Ovis aries Ovis PACMAD clade Pecora Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Ruminantia Sarcopterygii Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Suidae Suina Sus scrofa Sus Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Tracheophyta Vertebrata Viridiplantae cellular organisms commelinids unclassified entries unclassified sequences unidentified
G79920MY	Man(a1-2)Man(a1-3)Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc(?1-		Linkage defined saccharide	910.33	50 kb inversion clade Agelenidae Agelenopsis aperta Agelenopsis Amniota Arachnida Araneae Araneomorphae Arthropoda Artiodactyla Ascomycota Aspergillaceae Aspergillus awamori Aspergillus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chelicerata Chloridoideae Chordata Craniata Cynodon dactylon Cynodon Cynodonteae Deuterostomia Dikarya Dipnotetrapodomorpha Ecdysozoa Eleusininae Embryophyta Entelegynae Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euphyllophyta Eurotiales Eurotiomycetes Eurotiomycetidae Euteleostomi Eutheria Fabaceae Fabales Fungi Gnathostomata Gunneridae Laurasiatheria Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mammalia Mesangiospermae Metazoa NPAAA clade Opisthokonta PACMAD clade Panarthropoda Papilionoideae Pentapetalae Petrosaviidae Pezizomycotina Phaseoleae Poaceae Poales Protostomia RTA clade Sarcopterygii Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Suidae Suina Sus scrofa Sus Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Tracheophyta Vertebrata Vigna radiata Vigna Viridiplantae cellular organisms commelinids eudicotyledons fabids indigoferoid/millettioid clade leotiomyceta rosids saccharomyceta
G66150YP	Araf(a1-2)Araf(a1-3)[GlcA(a1-2)Xyl(b1-4)Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)Xyl(?1-		Linkage defined saccharide	986.3	Andropogoneae Andropogonodae Embryophyta Eukaryota Euphyllophyta Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae PACMAD clade Panicoideae Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Sorghinae Sorghum bicolor Sorghum Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Viridiplantae cellular organisms commelinids
G64799PD	Man(a1-6)[Xyl(b1-2)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(?1-		Linkage defined saccharide	1026.38	50 kb inversion clade Acalypheae Acalyphoideae Acer pseudoplatanus Acer Acereae Actinidia chinensis Actinidia Actinidiaceae Allieae Allioideae Allium cepa Allium Amaryllidaceae Amygdaleae Amygdaloideae Anacardiaceae Ananas comosus Ananas Apiaceae Apiales Apieae Apiineae Apioideae Apium graveolens Dulce Group Apium graveolens Apium Asparagaceae Asparagales Asparagoideae Asparagus officinalis Asparagus Aurantioideae Betulaceae Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis Brassica rapa Brassica Brassicaceae Brassicales Brassiceae Bromeliaceae Bromelioideae Carica papaya Carica Caricaceae Caryophyllales Chloridoideae Chrysophylloideae Citrus sinensis Citrus Corylus avellana Corylus Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitales Cynodon dactylon Cynodon Cynodonteae Daucinae Daucus carota Daucus sect. Daucus Daucus Eleusininae Embryophyta Ericales Eukaryota Euphorbiaceae Euphyllophyta Fabaceae Fabales Fagales Fagopyreae Fagopyrum esculentum Fagopyrum Fragaria x ananassa Fragaria Fragariinae Gunneridae Hippocastanoideae Juglandaceae Juglans regia Juglans Lauraceae Laurales Liliopsida Magnoliidae Magnoliopsida Maleae Malpighiales Mesangiospermae Momordica charantia Momordica Momordiceae Musa acuminata Musa Musaceae NPAAA clade PACMAD clade Papilionoideae Pentapetalae Persea americana Persea Petrosaviidae Pistacia vera Pistacia Platanaceae Platanus Poaceae Poales Polygonaceae Polygonoideae Potentilleae Proteales Prunus dulcis Prunus Pyrus communis Pyrus Ricinus communis Ricinus Rosaceae Rosales Rosoideae Rutaceae Sapindaceae Sapindales Sapotaceae Scandiceae Solanaceae Solanales Solaneae Solanoideae Solanum lycopersicum Solanum subgen. Lycopersicon Solanum Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Synsepalum dulcificum Synsepalum Tracheophyta Viridiplantae Wisteria floribunda Wisteria Wisterieae Zingiberales apioid superclade asterids campanulids cellular organisms commelinids eudicotyledons fabids indigoferoid/millettioid clade lamiids malvids rosids
G64636AT	Glc4Me(a1-				Andropogoneae Andropogonodae Embryophyta Eukaryota Euphyllophyta Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae PACMAD clade Panicoideae Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Tripsacinae Viridiplantae Zea mays subsp. mays Zea mays Zea cellular organisms commelinids
G61491DK	Man(a1-	Mannose O-Mannose			Alphaproteobacteria Alteromonadales Amniota Andropogoneae Andropogonodae Ascomycota Aspergillaceae Aspergillus niger Aspergillus subgen. Circumdati Aspergillus Bacteria Bilateria Boreoeutheria Caulobacter vibrioides CB15 Caulobacter vibrioides Caulobacter Caulobacteraceae Caulobacterales Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dikarya Dipnotetrapodomorpha Embryophyta Enterobacterales Enterobacteriaceae Escherichia coli O55 Escherichia coli Escherichia Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euphyllophyta Eurotiales Eurotiomycetes Eurotiomycetidae Euteleostomi Eutheria Fungi Gammaproteobacteria Glires Gnathostomata Gunneridae Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mammalia Mesangiospermae Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Nicotiana Nicotianeae Nicotianoideae Opisthokonta PACMAD clade Panicoideae Pentapetalae Petrosaviidae Pezizomycotina Poaceae Poales Pseudoalteromonadaceae Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis Pseudoalteromonas Pseudomonadota Rattus Rodentia Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces Saccharomycetaceae Saccharomycetales Saccharomycetes Saccharomycotina Sarcopterygii Shigella Solanaceae Solanales Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Tracheophyta Tripsacinae Vertebrata Viridiplantae Zea mays subsp. mays Zea mays Zea asterids cellular organisms commelinids eudicotyledons lamiids leotiomyceta saccharomyceta
G51923MF	Araf(a1-3)[Araf(a1-3)[Araf(a1-3)[Araf(a1-3)Xyl(b1-4)Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)Xyl		Linkage defined saccharide	1338.43	Andropogoneae Andropogonodae Embryophyta Eukaryota Euphyllophyta Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae PACMAD clade Panicoideae Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Tripsacinae Viridiplantae Zea mays subsp. mays Zea mays Zea cellular organisms commelinids
G47379VH	Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-6)][Xyl(b1-2)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	1188.43	Acer pseudoplatanus Acer Acereae Acrogymnospermae Andropogoneae Andropogonodae Armoracia rusticana Armoracia Brassicaceae Brassicales Cardamineae Conifers I Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo Cucurbita pepo var. melopepo Cucurbita pepo Cucurbita Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitales Cucurbiteae Embryophyta Eukaryota Euphyllophyta Gunneridae Hippocastanoideae Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae PACMAD clade Panicoideae Pentapetalae Petrosaviidae Pinaceae Pinales Pinidae Pinopsida Pinus heldreichii Pinus subgen. Pinus Pinus Platanaceae Platanus Poaceae Poales Proteales Sapindaceae Sapindales Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Tripsacinae Viridiplantae Zea mays Zea cellular organisms commelinids eudicotyledons fabids malvids rosids
G46577MY	Araf(a1-5)Araf(a1-5)Araf(a1-5)Ara		Linkage defined saccharide	546.18	Andropogoneae Andropogonodae Embryophyta Eukaryota Euphyllophyta Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae PACMAD clade Panicoideae Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Tripsacinae Viridiplantae Zea mays subsp. mays Zea mays Zea cellular organisms commelinids
G46476BP	Xyl(b1-2)Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(?1-		Linkage defined saccharide	864.32	50 kb inversion clade BOP clade Betulaceae Brassicales Canavalia ensiformis Canavalia Carica papaya Carica Caricaceae Chloridoideae Corylus avellana Corylus Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitales Cynodon dactylon Cynodon Cynodonteae Eleusininae Embryophyta Eukaryota Euphyllophyta Fabaceae Fabales Fagales Gunneridae Hordeinae Liliopsida Loliinae Loliodinae Lolium perenne Lolium Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae Momordica charantia Momordica Momordiceae NPAAA clade PACMAD clade Papilionoideae Pentapetalae Petrosaviidae Phaseoleae Poa pratensis Poa Poaceae Poales Poeae Chloroplast Group 2 (Poeae type) Poeae Poinae Poodae Poodinae Pooideae Secale cereale Secale Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Triticeae Triticodae Viridiplantae cellular organisms commelinids eudicotyledons fabids indigoferoid/millettioid clade malvids rosids
G39970RN	Glc(b1-4)Glc(b1-3)Glc		Linkage defined saccharide	504.17	Andropogoneae Andropogonodae Avena sativa Avena Aveninae BOP clade Bambusoideae Embryophyta Eukaryota Euphyllophyta Hordeinae Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare Hordeum vulgare Hordeum Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae Oryza sativa Oryza Oryzeae Oryzinae Oryzoideae PACMAD clade Panicoideae Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Poeae Chloroplast Group 1 (Aveneae type) Poeae Poodae Pooideae Secale cereale Secale Sorghinae Sorghum bicolor Sorghum Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Tripsacinae Triticeae Triticinae Triticodae Triticum aestivum Triticum Viridiplantae Zea mays subsp. mays Zea mays Zea cellular organisms commelinids
G38974XL	Man(a1-3)Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(?1-		Linkage defined saccharide	894.33	Androctonus australis Androctonus Arachnida Arthropoda Bilateria Buthida Buthidae Buthoidea Chelicerata Chloridoideae Cynodon dactylon Cynodon Cynodonteae Ecdysozoa Eleusininae Embryophyta Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euphyllophyta Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae Metazoa Opisthokonta PACMAD clade Panarthropoda Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Protostomia Scorpiones Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Viridiplantae cellular organisms commelinids
G37615KF	Araf(?1-				Andropogoneae Andropogonodae Embryophyta Eukaryota Euphyllophyta Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae PACMAD clade Panicoideae Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Tripsacinae Viridiplantae Zea mays subsp. mays Zea mays Zea cellular organisms commelinids
G35834EJ	Xyl(b1-2)Araf(a1-		Linkage defined saccharide	282.1	Andropogoneae Andropogonodae Embryophyta Eukaryota Euphyllophyta Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae PACMAD clade Panicoideae Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Tripsacinae Viridiplantae Zea mays subsp. mays Zea mays Zea cellular organisms commelinids
G25700FN	Araf(a1-3)[Gal(?1-4)Xyl(b1-3)[GlcA(a1-2)[Araf(a1-3)[Araf(a1-2)[Xyl(b1-3)Araf(a1-3)][Araf(a1-3)[Araf(a1-3)[Xyl(b1-3)Araf(a1-2)[Xyl(b1-3)][Gal(?1-5)Araf(a1-3)[Xyl(b1-2)Araf(a1-2)[Araf(a1-3)][Xyl(b1-3)[GlcA(a1-2)[Araf(a1-3)][Gal(?1-4)Xyl(b1-2)Araf(a1-3)[Xyl(b1-3)Araf(a1-3)[Araf(a1-2)[Araf(a1-3)][Xyl(b1-3)[Araf(a1-3)[Araf(a1-2)[Araf(a1-3)][GlcA(a1-2)Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl(b1-4)]Xyl		Linkage defined saccharide	7370.29	Andropogoneae Andropogonodae Embryophyta Eukaryota Euphyllophyta Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae PACMAD clade Panicoideae Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Tripsacinae Viridiplantae Zea mays Zea cellular organisms commelinids
G25179LQ		Glucosylceramide			Andropogoneae Andropogonodae BOP clade Embryophyta Eukaryota Euphyllophyta Hordeinae Hordeum vulgare Hordeum Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae PACMAD clade Panicoideae Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Pooideae Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Tripsacinae Triticeae Triticodae Viridiplantae Zea mays subsp. mays Zea mays Zea cellular organisms commelinids
G24934QN					Amniota Andropogoneae Andropogonodae Archelosauria Archosauria Ascomycota Aves Bilateria Chordata Coelurosauria Columba Columbidae Columbiformes Craniata Deuterostomia Dikarya Dinosauria Dipnotetrapodomorpha Embryophyta Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euphyllophyta Euteleostomi Fungi Gnathostomata Gunneridae Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae Metazoa Neognathae Nicotiana tabacum Nicotiana Nicotianeae Nicotianoideae Opisthokonta PACMAD clade Panicoideae Pentapetalae Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces Saccharomycetaceae Saccharomycetales Saccharomycetes Saccharomycotina Sarcopterygii Sauria Saurischia Sauropsida Solanaceae Solanales Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theropoda Tracheophyta Tripsacinae Vertebrata Viridiplantae Zea mays Zea asterids cellular organisms commelinids eudicotyledons lamiids saccharomyceta
G23347PH	Araf(a1-3)Xyl(b1-4)Xyl		Linkage defined saccharide	414.14	Andropogoneae Andropogonodae BOP clade Bambusoideae Chloridoideae Cynodon dactylon Cynodon Cynodonteae Eleusininae Embryophyta Eukaryota Euphyllophyta Hordeinae Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare Hordeum vulgare Hordeum Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae Oryza sativa Oryza Oryzeae Oryzinae Oryzoideae PACMAD clade Panicoideae Petrosaviidae Poaceae Poales Pooideae Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Tracheophyta Tripsacinae Triticeae Triticinae Triticodae Triticum aestivum Triticum Viridiplantae Zea mays Zea cellular organisms commelinids