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GlyCosmos Glycans

The list of validated glycans extracted from GlyTouCan, updated weekly.

Source	Last Updated
GlyTouCan	August 18, 2024

Displaying entries **151 - 175** of **1270** in total

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GlyTouCan ID ▲	IUPAC Condensed	Motifs	Subsumption Level	Monoisotopic Mass	Organisms
G13131FE	Gal(b1-?)Gal(b1-	Galactosylceramide	Linkage defined saccharide	342.12	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G13177TU	Neu5Ac(a2-3)GalNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-	Lactosylceramide	Linkage defined saccharide	836.29	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G13178HT	Gal(a1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-?)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-?)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(b1-	N-Glycan complex N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN a-Gal antigen	Linkage defined saccharide	1948.7	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G13186PZ	Gal(?1-?)Gal(?1-?)GlcNAc(?1-?)[Neu5Gc(?2-?)Gal(?1-?)GlcNAc(?1-?)]Man(a1-3)[Gal(?1-?)Gal(?1-?)GlcNAc(?1-?)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	2782.98	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G13257IK	Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Neu5Ac(a2-?)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc	N-Glycan complex Polysialic acid	Linkage defined saccharide	1931.69	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G13260JU	Gal(b1-3)[Neu5Ac(a2-3)[GalNAc(b1-4)]Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]GalNAc(a1-	O-Glycan core 2 Sda/CT antigen	Linkage defined saccharide	1242.45	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G13523IF	Fuc(?1-?)Gal(?1-?)GalNAc(?1-		Glycosidic topology	529.2	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G13661TG	Neu5Ac(?2-?)Gal(?1-?)GlcNAc(?1-?)[Neu5Gc(?2-?)Gal(?1-?)GlcNAc(?1-?)]Man(a1-3)[Gal(?1-?)Gal(?1-?)GlcNAc(?1-?)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	2912.02	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G13974DV	Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc-ol		Linkage defined saccharide	1236.45	Acalypheae Acalyphoideae Acalyptratae Achelata Aculeata Amniota Anthophila Apidae Apocrita Apoidea Archelosauria Archosauria Arthropoda Articulavirales Artiodactyla Aves Bilateria Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Brachycera Catarrhini Chordata Coelurosauria Craniata Crustacea Cyclorrhapha Decapoda Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dinosauria Dipnotetrapodomorpha Diptera Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Drosophilidae Drosophilinae Drosophilini Ecdysozoa Embryophyta Endopterygota Ephydroidea Eremoneura Euarchontoglires Eucarida Eukaryota Eumalacostraca Eumetazoa Euphorbiaceae Euphyllophyta Euteleostomi Eutheria Galliformes Galloanserae Gallus gallus Gallus Glires Gnathostomata Gunneridae Haplorrhini Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Hymenoptera Insecta Insthoviricetes Lagomorpha Laurasiatheria Leporidae Magnoliopsida Malacostraca Malpighiales Mammalia Mandibulata Mesangiospermae Metazoa Multicrustacea Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Muscomorpha Myomorpha Negarnaviricota Neognathae Neoptera Opisthokonta Orthomyxoviridae Orthornavirae Oryctolagus cuniculus Oryctolagus Palinuridae Palinuroidea Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Panulirus interruptus Panulirus Pecora Pentapetalae Phasianidae Phasianinae Pleocyemata Polyploviricotina Primates Protostomia Pterygota Rattus Riboviria Ricinus communis Ricinus Rodentia Ruminantia Sarcopterygii Sauria Saurischia Sauropsida Schizophora Simiiformes Sophophora Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Suidae Suina Sus scrofa Sus Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Theropoda Tracheophyta Vertebrata Viridiplantae Viruses cellular organisms eudicotyledons fabids melanogaster group melanogaster subgroup rosids unclassified Orthomyxoviridae unidentified influenza virus
G14010WM	Neu5Ac(?2-?)Gal(?1-?)GlcNAc(?1-?)[Gal(?1-?)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(?1-?)]Man(a1-3)[GlcNAc(b1-4)][Gal(?1-?)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(?1-?)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	2938.07	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G14020CV	Gal(b1-4)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Gal(b1-4)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc	N-Glycan complex N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	1964.7	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G14047PA	Neu5Ac(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Neu5Ac(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-	N-Glycan complex Polysialic acid	Linkage defined saccharide	2222.78	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G14260UH			Glycosidic topology	1722.65	Amniota Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Primates Riboviria Rodentia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms
G14301PU	Neu5Ac(?2-?)Gal(?1-?)GlcNAc(?1-?)Man(a1-3)[GlcNAc(b1-4)][Gal(?1-?)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(?1-?)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	2426.88	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G14469GR	Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc-ol		Linkage defined saccharide	588.24	Aculeata Amniota Anthophila Apidae Apinae Apini Apis mellifera Apis Apocrita Apoidea Arthropoda Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Ecdysozoa Endopterygota Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Hymenoptera Insecta Mammalia Mandibulata Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Neoptera Opisthokonta Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Primates Protostomia Pterygota Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G14543IY	GalNAc(b1-4)Gal(a1-4)Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-	Gb3 Pk antigen globotriaosylceramide	Linkage defined saccharide	707.25	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G14576KZ	GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	1259.47	Acrididae Acrididea Acridoidea Acridomorpha Amniota Amphiesmenoptera Arthropoda Artiodactyla Bilateria Bombycidae Bombycinae Bombycoidea Bombyx mori Bombyx Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Caelifera Canidae Caniformia Canis lupus familiaris Canis lupus Canis Caprinae Carnivora Catarrhini Cavia porcellus Cavia Caviidae Cercopithecidae Cercopithecinae Cercopithecoidea Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Ditrysia Dorylaimia Ecdysozoa Endopterygota Enoplea Equidae Equus caballus Equus Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Glossata Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Heteroneura Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Hystricomorpha Insecta Laurasiatheria Lepidoptera Locusta migratoria Locusta Macaca mulatta Macaca Mammalia Mandibulata Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Nematoda Neolepidoptera Neoptera Noctuidae Noctuoidea Obtectomera Oedipodinae Opisthokonta Orthoptera Ovis aries Ovis Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Pecora Perissodactyla Plusiinae Polyneoptera Primates Protostomia Pterygota Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Ruminantia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Trichinella spiralis Trichinella Trichinellida Trichinellidae Trichoplusia ni Trichoplusia Vertebrata cellular organisms
G14606UO	GlcNAc(?1-?)Man(a1-3)[GlcNAc(?1-?)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	1316.49	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G14669DU			Glycosidic topology	910.33	Acalyptratae Amniota Arthropoda Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Brachycera Catarrhini Chordata Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Cyclorrhapha Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Diptera Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Drosophilidae Drosophilinae Drosophilini Ecdysozoa Endopterygota Ephydroidea Eremoneura Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Insecta Mammalia Mandibulata Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Muscomorpha Myomorpha Neoptera Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Primates Protostomia Pterygota Rattus norvegicus Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Schizophora Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Simiiformes Sophophora Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms melanogaster group melanogaster subgroup
G14950CY		I' antigen N-Glycan complex Type 2 LN2	Linkage defined saccharide	2735.99	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G14972EL	Neu5Ac(?2-?)Gal(?1-?)GlcNAc(?1-?)[Neu5Ac(?2-?)Gal(?1-?)GlcNAc(?1-?)]Man(a1-3)[Gal(?1-?)GlcNAc(?1-?)[Gal(?1-?)GlcNAc(?1-?)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	2953.05	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G14994KB			Glycosidic topology	1915.69	Amniota Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms
G15021LG	Glc(?1-				50 kb inversion clade Acanthomorphata Actinopteri Actinopterygii Amniota Archaea Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Clupeocephala Craniata Ctenosquamata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Embryophyta Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euphyllophyta Euryarchaeota Eurypterygia Euteleosteomorpha Euteleostomi Eutheria Fabaceae Fabales Gadariae Gadidae Gadiformes Gadoidei Glires Gnathostomata Gunneridae Halobacteria Haloferacaceae Haloferacales Haloferax volcanii Haloferax Haplorrhini Hologalegina Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo IRL clade Magnoliopsida Mammalia Medicago sativa Medicago Mesangiospermae Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha NPAAA clade Neopterygii Neoteleostei Opisthokonta Osteoglossocephalai Papilionoideae Paracanthopterygii Pentapetalae Pollachius pollachius Pollachius Primates Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Spermatophyta Stenosarchaea group Streptophyta Streptophytina Teleostei Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Tracheophyta Trifolieae Vertebrata Viridiplantae Zeiogadaria cellular organisms eudicotyledons fabids rosids
G15038BD			Monosaccharide composition with linkage	2239.8	Amniota Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Primates Riboviria Rodentia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms
G15169WU			Glycosidic topology	3025.07	Amniota Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms