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GlyCosmos Glycans

The list of validated glycans extracted from GlyTouCan, updated weekly.

Source	Last Updated
GlyTouCan	August 18, 2024

Displaying entries **1 - 25** of **773** in total

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GlyTouCan ID	IUPAC Condensed	Motifs	Subsumption Level	Monoisotopic Mass ▲	Organisms
G36855WW	Glc(b1-3)Fuc(a1-	Fucose O-Fucose	Linkage defined saccharide	326.12	Amniota Apiaceae Apiales Apiineae Apioideae Bilateria Boreoeutheria Bupleureae Bupleurum falcatum Bupleurum Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Cricetidae Cricetinae Cricetulus griseus Cricetulus Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Embryophyta Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euphyllophyta Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Gunneridae Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Magnoliopsida Mammalia Mesangiospermae Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Pentapetalae Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Tracheophyta Vertebrata Viridiplantae asterids campanulids cellular organisms eudicotyledons
G00031MO	Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(a1-	O-Glycan core 1 T antigen TF antigen	Linkage defined saccharide	383.14	Acalyptratae Acanthomorphata Actinopteri Actinopterygii Amniota Arthropoda Artiodactyla Bacteria Bacteroidaceae Bacteroidales Bacteroides ovatus Bacteroides Bacteroidia Bacteroidota/Chlorobiota group Bacteroidota Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Brachycera Canidae Caniformia Canis lupus familiaris Canis lupus Canis Carnivora Catarrhini Cercopithecidae Cercopithecinae Cercopithecoidea Chordata Clupeocephala Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Cricetidae Cricetinae Cricetulus griseus Cricetulus Ctenosquamata Cyclorrhapha Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Diptera Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Drosophilidae Drosophilinae Drosophilini Ecdysozoa Endopterygota Enterobacterales Enterobacteriaceae Ephydroidea Eremoneura Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Eurypterygia Euteleosteomorpha Euteleostomi Eutheria FCB group Gadariae Gadidae Gadiformes Gadoidei Gadus chalcogrammus Gadus Gammaproteobacteria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Insecta Lagomorpha Laurasiatheria Leporidae Macaca mulatta Macaca Mammalia Mandibulata Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Muscomorpha Myomorpha Neoptera Neopterygii Neoteleostei Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Oryctolagus cuniculus Oryctolagus Osteoglossocephalai Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Paracanthopterygii Pecora Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Pollachius pollachius Pollachius Primates Protostomia Pseudomonadota Pterygota Rattus norvegicus Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Ruminantia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Schizophora Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Shigella dysenteriae Shigella Simiiformes Sophophora Suidae Suina Sus scrofa domesticus Sus scrofa Sus Teleostei Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses Zeiogadaria cellular organisms melanogaster group melanogaster subgroup
G16612QG	Gal(a1-3)GalNAc(?1-		Linkage defined saccharide	383.14	Amniota Amphibia Anura Artiodactyla Batrachia Bilateria Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Lagomorpha Laurasiatheria Leporidae Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Neobatrachia Opisthokonta Oryctolagus cuniculus Oryctolagus Pecora Primates Ranidae Ranoidea Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Ruminantia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G29931IJ			Glycosidic topology	383.14	Acalyptratae Amniota Arthropoda Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Brachycera Catarrhini Chordata Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Cyclorrhapha Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Diptera Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Drosophilidae Drosophilinae Drosophilini Ecdysozoa Endopterygota Ephydroidea Eremoneura Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Insecta Mammalia Mandibulata Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Muscomorpha Myomorpha Neoptera Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Primates Protostomia Pterygota Rattus norvegicus Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Schizophora Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Simiiformes Sophophora Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms melanogaster group melanogaster subgroup
G54499HR	Gal(?1-3)GalNAc(a1-	Tn antigen	Linkage defined saccharide	383.14	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G76355TG	Gal(a1-3)GalNAc(a1-	Tn antigen	Linkage defined saccharide	383.14	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G76950LE	Hex(?1-?)HexNAc(a1-		Linkage defined saccharide	383.14	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G79333MY	Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(a1-		Linkage defined saccharide	383.14	Amniota Armadillidae Armadillo Arthropoda Artiodactyla Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Cricetidae Cricetinae Cricetulus griseus Cricetulus Crinocheta Crustacea Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Discoba Ecdysozoa Euarchontoglires Euglenozoa Eukaryota Eumalacostraca Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Isopoda Kinetoplastea Laurasiatheria Malacostraca Mammalia Mandibulata Metakinetoplastina Metazoa Multicrustacea Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Oniscidea Opisthokonta Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Peracarida Primates Protostomia Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Schizotrypanum Simiiformes Suidae Suina Sus scrofa Sus Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosoma Trypanosomatida Trypanosomatidae Vertebrata cellular organisms
G00035MO	GlcNAc(b1-3)GalNAc(a1-	O-Glycan core 3	Linkage defined saccharide	424.17	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G00219VH	GlcNAc(?1-3)GalNAc(a1-	Tn antigen	Linkage defined saccharide	424.17	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G71838YU			Glycosidic topology	424.17	Acalyptratae Amniota Arthropoda Bilateria Boreoeutheria Brachycera Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Cyclorrhapha Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Diptera Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Drosophilidae Drosophilinae Drosophilini Ecdysozoa Endopterygota Ephydroidea Eremoneura Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Insecta Mammalia Mandibulata Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Muscomorpha Myomorpha Neoptera Opisthokonta Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Primates Protostomia Pterygota Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Schizophora Simiiformes Sophophora Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms melanogaster group melanogaster subgroup
G85714GY	GlcNAc(b1-3)GalNAc(?1-	O-Glycan core 3 fuzzy	Linkage defined saccharide	424.17	Ambystoma mexicanum Ambystoma Ambystomatidae Amniota Amphibia Artiodactyla Ascidiacea Batrachia Bilateria Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Caprinae Catarrhini Caudata Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Laurasiatheria Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Ovis aries Ovis Pecora Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Ruminantia Salamandroidea Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Stolidobranchia Styela plicata Styela Styelidae Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Tunicata Vertebrata cellular organisms
G10488WF	Glc(a1-6)Glc(a1-6)Glc(b1-	Glucosylceramide	Linkage defined saccharide	504.17	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G99375FM			Glycosidic topology	504.17	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G08371CD	Neu5Ac(a2-6)GalNAc(?1-		Linkage defined saccharide	512.19	Actinopteri Actinopterygii Amniota Amphibia Anura Artiodactyla Batrachia Bilateria Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Catarrhini Cercopithecidae Cercopithecinae Cercopithecoidea Chordata Clupeocephala Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleosteomorpha Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Laurasiatheria Lithobates palustris Lithobates Macaca radiata Macaca Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Neobatrachia Neopterygii Oncorhynchus mykiss Oncorhynchus Opisthokonta Osteoglossocephalai Pecora Primates Protacanthopterygii Ranidae Ranoidea Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Ruminantia Salmonidae Salmoniformes Salmoninae Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Suidae Suina Sus scrofa Sus Teleostei Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata artificial sequences cellular organisms other entries other sequences synthetic construct
G19399OS			Glycosidic topology	512.19	Amniota Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms
G36123IU	Neu5Ac(a2-6)GalNAc(a1-	Sialyl Tn antigen	Linkage defined saccharide	512.19	Amniota Artiodactyla Artverviricota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Catarrhini Cestoda Chordata Craniata Cyclophyllidea Deuterostomia Digenea Dipnotetrapodomorpha Discoba Echinostomata Echinostomatoidea Euarchontoglires Eucestoda Euglenozoa Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Fasciola hepatica Fasciola Fasciolidae Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Human immunodeficiency virus Kinetoplastea Lagomorpha Laurasiatheria Lentivirus Leporidae Lophotrochozoa Mammalia Mesocestoides vogae Mesocestoides Mesocestoididae Metakinetoplastina Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Ortervirales Orthoretrovirinae Oryctolagus cuniculus Oryctolagus Pararnavirae Pecora Plagiorchiida Platyhelminthes Primate lentivirus group Primates Protostomia Rattus norvegicus Rattus Retroviridae Revtraviricetes Riboviria Rodentia Ruminantia Sarcopterygii Schizotrypanum Simiiformes Spiralia Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Trematoda Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosoma Trypanosomatida Trypanosomatidae Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms unclassified Primate lentivirus group
G23755RZ	Neu5Gc(?2-6)GalNAc(a1-	Tn antigen	Linkage defined saccharide	528.18	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G00066MO	GalNAc(a1-3)[Fuc(a1-2)]Gal(b1-	Galactosylceramide	Linkage defined saccharide	529.2	Amniota Amphibia Anura Artiodactyla Batrachia Bilateria Boreoeutheria Canidae Caniformia Canis lupus familiaris Canis lupus Canis Carnivora Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Equidae Equus caballus Equus Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Felidae Feliformia Felinae Felis catus Felis Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Lagomorpha Laurasiatheria Leporidae Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Oryctolagus cuniculus Oryctolagus Pan troglodytes Pan Perissodactyla Pipidae Pipoidea Ponginae Pongo abelii Pongo Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Suidae Suina Sus scrofa domesticus Sus scrofa Sus Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Xenopodinae Xenopus laevis Xenopus Xenopus cellular organisms
G55559HZ	Fuc(?1-2)Gal(?1-3)GalNAc(a1-	Tn antigen	Linkage defined saccharide	529.2	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G76163CP			Glycosidic topology	529.2	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G94435QH	Fuc(a1-2)Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(a1-	H antigen (type 3)	Linkage defined saccharide	529.2	Amniota Artiodactyla Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Laurasiatheria Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Suidae Suina Sus scrofa Sus Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G25129BT	Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-3)Gal(a1-		Linkage defined saccharide	545.2	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G00033MO	Gal(b1-3)[GlcNAc(b1-6)]GalNAc(a1-	O-Glycan core 2	Linkage defined saccharide	586.22	Acalyptratae Amniota Arthropoda Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Brachycera Catarrhini Chordata Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Cyclorrhapha Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Diptera Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Drosophilidae Drosophilinae Drosophilini Ecdysozoa Endopterygota Ephydroidea Eremoneura Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Insecta Mammalia Mandibulata Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Muscomorpha Myomorpha Neoptera Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Primates Protostomia Pterygota Rattus norvegicus Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Schizophora Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Simiiformes Sophophora Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms melanogaster group melanogaster subgroup
G32550BI			Glycosidic topology	586.22	Acalyptratae Amniota Arthropoda Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Brachycera Catarrhini Chordata Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Cyclorrhapha Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Diptera Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Drosophilidae Drosophilinae Drosophilini Ecdysozoa Endopterygota Ephydroidea Eremoneura Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Insecta Mammalia Mandibulata Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Muscomorpha Myomorpha Neoptera Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Primates Protostomia Pterygota Rattus norvegicus Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Schizophora Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Simiiformes Sophophora Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms melanogaster group melanogaster subgroup